Defense of Marriage Act
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) was a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ), DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples.
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
325489 characters 25 sections 77 paragraphs 5 images 293 internal links 252 external links |
3. Enactment and role of President Clinton 7. Challenges to Section 3 in Federal court |
doma 0.735 blag 0.218 clinton 0.157 doj 0.149 gill 0.118 golinski 0.115 windsor 0.096 federal 0.095 uscis 0.080 circuit 0.080 massachusetts 0.078 management 0.074 personnel 0.072 clement 0.069 defending 0.069 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) was a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ), DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples. |
| 2017 |
324975 characters 25 sections 77 paragraphs 5 images 293 internal links 252 external links |
3. Enactment and role of President Clinton 7. Challenges to Section 3 in Federal court |
doma 0.735 blag 0.218 clinton 0.157 doj 0.149 gill 0.118 golinski 0.115 windsor 0.096 federal 0.095 uscis 0.080 circuit 0.080 massachusetts 0.078 management 0.074 personnel 0.072 clement 0.069 defending 0.069 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) was a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ), DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples. |
| 2016 |
338223 characters 25 sections 77 paragraphs 5 images 361 internal links 219 external links |
3. Enactment and role of Bill Clinton 7. Challenges to Section 3 in Federal court |
doma 0.736 blag 0.219 clinton 0.157 doj 0.150 gill 0.118 golinski 0.115 windsor 0.096 federal 0.092 uscis 0.081 circuit 0.080 massachusetts 0.078 management 0.074 personnel 0.072 clement 0.069 defending 0.069 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) was a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ), DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples. |
| 2015 |
314536 characters 21 sections 77 paragraphs 5 images 258 internal links 209 external links |
3. Enactment and role of Bill Clinton 7. Challenges to Section 3 in Federal court |
doma 0.736 blag 0.219 clinton 0.157 doj 0.150 gill 0.118 golinski 0.115 windsor 0.096 federal 0.092 uscis 0.081 circuit 0.080 massachusetts 0.078 management 0.074 personnel 0.072 clement 0.069 defending 0.069 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) is a United States federal law that, prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ), DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples. |
| 2014 |
326212 characters 26 sections 74 paragraphs 4 images 261 internal links 212 external links |
3. Enactment and role of Bill Clinton 7. Challenges in federal court |
doma 0.707 blag 0.228 clinton 0.164 doj 0.156 gill 0.123 golinski 0.120 massachusetts 0.108 circuit 0.095 windsor 0.092 federal 0.085 uscis 0.084 management 0.077 personnel 0.075 clement 0.072 defending 0.072 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) is a United States federal law that allows states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was ruled unconstitutional in 2013, DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples. |
| 2013 |
331505 characters 26 sections 73 paragraphs 3 images 263 internal links 217 external links |
7. Challenges in federal court |
doma 0.706 blag 0.227 doj 0.156 clinton 0.154 gill 0.123 golinski 0.120 massachusetts 0.115 windsor 0.092 circuit 0.089 federal 0.085 uscis 0.084 management 0.077 personnel 0.074 clement 0.072 defending 0.072 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) is a United States federal law that allows states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. Until Section 3 of the Act was ruled unconstitutional in 2013, DOMA, in conjunction with other statutes, had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing gay marriage, but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married gay couples. |
| 2012 |
292950 characters 26 sections 65 paragraphs 2 images 244 internal links 183 external links |
7. Challenges in federal court |
doma 0.669 blag 0.235 doj 0.180 massachusetts 0.141 gill 0.130 golinski 0.125 clinton 0.107 circuit 0.096 management 0.089 personnel 0.086 federal 0.086 clement 0.083 defending 0.083 defend 0.078 appeals 0.071 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) is a United States federal law that defines marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman for federal and inter-state recognition purposes in the United States. The law passed both houses of Congress by large majorities and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on September 21, 1996. Under the law, no U.S. state or political subdivision is required to recognize a same-sex marriage from another state. Section 3 of DOMA codifies the non-recognition of same-sex marriages for all federal purposes, including insurance benefits for government employees, Social Security survivors' benefits, immigration, and the filing of joint tax returns . |
| 2011 |
173140 characters 26 sections 51 paragraphs 3 images 224 internal links 116 external links |
doma 0.701 federal 0.142 blag 0.136 gill 0.132 massachusetts 0.131 clement 0.116 bankruptcy 0.116 holder 0.116 california 0.104 boehner 0.097 doj 0.097 eric 0.096 department 0.089 obama 0.088 clinton 0.083 |
The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub.L. 104–199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) is a United States federal law whereby the federal government defines marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman. Under the law, no U.S. state (or other political subdivision ) may be required to recognize as a marriage a same-sex relationship considered a marriage in another state. The law passed both houses of Congress by large majorities and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on September 21, 1996. |
|
| 2010 |
110374 characters 11 sections 35 paragraphs 4 images 183 internal links 55 external links |
doma 0.737 federal 0.200 recognize 0.132 massachusetts 0.123 clinton 0.117 proponents 0.109 citation 0.107 clause 0.105 congress 0.101 gill 0.093 california 0.086 smelt 0.082 credit 0.078 platform 0.074 defending 0.070 |
Defense of Marriage Act is the short title of a federal law of the United States passed on September 21, 1996 as Public Law No. 104-199, 110 Stat. 2419. Its provisions are codified at 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C . Under the law, also known as DOMA , no state (or other political subdivision within the United States ) needs to treat as a marriage a same-sex relationship considered a marriage in another state (DOMA, Section 2); the federal government defines marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman (DOMA, Section 3). |
|
| 2009 |
92388 characters 9 sections 32 paragraphs 3 images 172 internal links 44 external links |
doma 0.622 clinton 0.238 credit 0.170 recognize 0.129 clause 0.123 smelt 0.119 federal 0.119 faith 0.111 iowa 0.092 massachusetts 0.090 vermont 0.085 tribe 0.085 berry 0.080 levenson 0.080 nadler 0.080 |
Defense of Marriage Act , or DOMA, is the short title of a federal law of the United States passed on September 21, 1996 as Public Law No. 104-199, 110 Stat. 2419. Its provisions are codified at 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C . The law has two effects: |
|
| 2008 |
60154 characters 7 sections 25 paragraphs 2 images 138 internal links 22 external links |
doma 0.598 credit 0.281 faith 0.184 clinton 0.169 citation 0.151 recognize 0.147 iowa 0.114 clause 0.114 tribe 0.106 federal 0.102 twenty 0.099 connecticut 0.099 proponents 0.099 possession 0.099 needed 0.096 |
The Defense of Marriage Act , or DOMA , is the short title of a federal law of the United States passed on September 21, 1996 as Public Law No. 104-199, 110 Stat. 2419. Its provisions are codified at 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C . The law has two effects: |
|
| 2007 |
53466 characters 7 sections 26 paragraphs 2 images 144 internal links 15 external links |
doma 0.575 credit 0.307 faith 0.200 clinton 0.184 recognize 0.131 clause 0.125 tribe 0.115 federal 0.111 midterm 0.108 twenty 0.108 proponents 0.107 possession 0.107 1996 0.101 congress 0.093 restrictive 0.092 |
The Defense of Marriage Act , or DOMA , is the commonly-used name of a federal law of the United States that is officially known as Pub. L. No. 104-199, 110 Stat. 2419 (Sept. 21, 1996) and codified at 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C . The law has two effects. |
|
| 2006 |
45834 characters 7 sections 35 paragraphs 0 images 132 internal links 8 external links |
doma 0.542 credit 0.332 faith 0.217 clause 0.180 massachusetts 0.168 clinton 0.145 prescribe 0.127 1996 0.127 congress 0.115 maine 0.113 proponents 0.113 policy 0.108 recognize 0.103 defense 0.101 judgments 0.098 |
The Defense of Marriage Act , or DOMA , is the commonly-used name of a federal law of the United States that is officially known as Pub. L. No. 104-199, 110 Stat. 2419 (Sept. 21, 1996) and codified at 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C . The law has two effects. |
|
| 2005 |
14741 characters 5 sections 15 paragraphs 0 images 43 internal links 3 external links |
doma 0.449 credit 0.281 clinton 0.270 faith 0.184 clause 0.183 federal 0.163 restrictive 0.135 recognize 0.128 policy 0.126 defense 0.125 version 0.118 1996 0.118 opponents 0.117 proponents 0.105 assert 0.105 |
The Defense of Marriage Act , or DOMA is a federal law of the United States passed by Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton on September 21 , 1996 . The law provides: |
|
| 2004 |
12854 characters 4 sections 15 paragraphs 0 images 31 internal links 2 external links |
doma 0.453 credit 0.340 faith 0.222 clause 0.215 federal 0.165 assert 0.159 side 0.150 clinton 0.136 spectrum 0.136 policy 0.127 version 0.119 congress 0.118 recognize 0.108 proponents 0.106 strongest 0.106 |
The Defense of Marriage Act , or DOMA is a federal law of the United States passed by US Congress|Congress and signed by former President Bill Clinton on September 21 , 1996 . The law provides: |
|
| 2003 |
4633 characters 1 sections 7 paragraphs 0 images 15 internal links 2 external links |
doma 0.427 credit 0.285 loopholes 0.201 curtail 0.201 challenges 0.200 faith 0.186 clinton 0.171 clause 0.154 husband 0.146 critics 0.142 vermont 0.142 amends 0.142 track 0.142 federal 0.138 wife 0.135 |
The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is a US federal law defining marriage as only a heterosexual union of a man and a woman. The law is intended to curtail the legalization of same-sex marriage under the Full Faith and Credit clause of the United States Constitution by allowing a state to determine for itself whether it must recognize such a union recognized by other states or jurisdictions. |
|
| 2002 |
1547 characters 0 sections 2 paragraphs 0 images 1 internal links 1 external links |
intended 0.438 defense 0.387 requiring 0.346 prevent 0.320 define 0.312 legalization 0.289 recognize 0.263 congress 0.240 heterosexual 0.187 union 0.160 proposed 0.152 woman 0.119 man 0.110 bill 0.104 marriage 0.064 |
The Defense of Marriage Act is a bill proposed in the US Congress to define marriage as heterosexual, i.e., a union of a man and a woman. The bill is intended to prevent legalization of same-sex marriage in one state from requiring other states to give recognize such a union. |