Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War . The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy , which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954) regarding racial segregation, Roe v. Wade (1973) regarding abortion, Bush v. Gore (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election , and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, including those acting on behalf of such an official.
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
474584 characters 39 sections 106 paragraphs 14 images 892 internal links 216 external links |
3. Citizenship and civil rights 4. Apportionment of representation in House of Representatives |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War . The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy , which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954) regarding racial segregation, Roe v. Wade (1973) regarding abortion, Bush v. Gore (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election , and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, including those acting on behalf of such an official. |
| 2017 |
468952 characters 39 sections 105 paragraphs 14 images 884 internal links 212 external links |
3. Citizenship and civil rights 4. Apportionment of representation in House of Representatives |
clause 0.358 fourteenth 0.317 citizenship 0.242 amendment 0.217 immunities 0.201 privileges 0.149 congress 0.146 black 0.140 protection 0.137 debt 0.105 congressional 0.103 race 0.092 liberty 0.092 slaves 0.091 state 0.085 |
The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War . The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy , which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. |
| 2016 |
460563 characters 39 sections 102 paragraphs 14 images 884 internal links 205 external links |
3. Citizenship and civil rights 4. Apportionment of representation in House of Representatives |
clause 0.361 fourteenth 0.319 citizenship 0.244 amendment 0.223 immunities 0.203 privileges 0.150 congress 0.148 protection 0.142 black 0.141 race 0.105 congressional 0.104 debt 0.096 slaves 0.091 liberty 0.087 jurisdiction 0.083 |
The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War . The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy , which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. |
| 2015 |
428525 characters 36 sections 100 paragraphs 14 images 823 internal links 193 external links |
3. Citizenship and civil rights 4. Apportionment of representation in House of Representatives |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War . The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states , which were forced to ratify it in order for them to regain representation in Congress. The Fourteenth Amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark decisions such as Roe v. Wade (1973) regarding abortion, Bush v. Gore (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election , and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, including those acting on behalf of such an official. |
| 2014 |
401717 characters 36 sections 94 paragraphs 12 images 796 internal links 155 external links |
3. Citizenship and civil rights 4. Apportionment of representation in House of Representatives |
clause 0.383 fourteenth 0.315 citizenship 0.221 amendment 0.211 immunities 0.210 privileges 0.156 protection 0.154 black 0.153 congress 0.147 debt 0.105 race 0.095 jurisdiction 0.090 congressional 0.089 process 0.083 state 0.081 |
The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War . The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states , which were forced to ratify it in order for them to regain representation in Congress. The Fourteenth Amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark decisions such as Roe v. Wade (1973), regarding abortion, and Bush v. Gore (2000), regarding the 2000 presidential election . The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, including those acting on behalf of such an official. |
| 2013 |
376550 characters 35 sections 89 paragraphs 12 images 734 internal links 152 external links |
3. Citizenship and civil rights 4. Apportionment of representation in House of Representatives |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War . The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states , which were forced to ratify it in order for them to regain representation in the Congress. The Fourteenth Amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark decisions such as Roe v. Wade (1973), regarding abortion, and Bush v. Gore (2000), regarding the 2000 presidential election . The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, including those acting on behalf of such an official. |
| 2012 |
222170 characters 25 sections 63 paragraphs 8 images 632 internal links 57 external links |
2. Citizenship and civil rights |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . |
| 2011 |
201703 characters 25 sections 61 paragraphs 6 images 540 internal links 57 external links |
2. Citizenship and civil rights |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . |
| 2010 |
188129 characters 24 sections 61 paragraphs 5 images 532 internal links 52 external links |
2. Citizenship and civil rights |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868 as one of the Reconstruction Amendments . |
| 2009 |
182425 characters 23 sections 50 paragraphs 4 images 522 internal links 45 external links |
2. Citizenship and civil rights |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution , along with the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, was adopted after the Civil War as one of the Reconstruction Amendments on July 9, 1868. The amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship , overruling the decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which had excluded slaves , and their descendants, from possessing Constitutional rights; this was used in the mid-20th century to dismantle racial segregation in the United States , as in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Its Due Process Clause has been used to apply most of the Bill of Rights to the states. This clause has also been used to recognize: (1) substantive due process rights, such as parental and marriage rights; and (2) procedural due process rights requiring that certain steps, such as a hearing, be followed before a person's "life, liberty, or property" can be taken away. The amendment's Equal Protection Clause requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all people within their jurisdictions . The amendment also includes a number of clauses dealing with the Confederacy and its officials. |
| 2008 |
146140 characters 16 sections 50 paragraphs 4 images 459 internal links 28 external links |
2. Citizenship and civil rights |
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The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV ) to the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War Reconstruction Amendments , first intended to secure the rights of former slaves . It was proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 9, 1868. [1] |
| 2007 |
130489 characters 13 sections 40 paragraphs 1 images 502 internal links 18 external links |
1. Citizenship and civil rights |
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The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ( Amendment XIV ) is one of the post- Civil War amendments (known as the Reconstruction Amendments ), first intended to secure rights for former slaves . It includes the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses among others. It was proposed on June 13 , 1866 , and ratified on July 9 , 1868 . [1] It is perhaps the most significant structural change to the Constitution since the passage of the United States Bill of Rights . The amendment provides a broad definition of United States citizenship , overturning the Dred Scott case, which excluded African Americans . It requires the states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons (not only to citizens) within their jurisdictions , and was used in the mid- 20th century to dismantle legal segregation , as in Brown v. Board of Education . Its Due Process Clause has driven much important and controversial case law regarding privacy rights , abortion (see Roe v. Wade ), and other issues. |
| 2006 |
88135 characters 14 sections 52 paragraphs 2 images 340 internal links 17 external links |
1. Citizenship and civil rights |
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The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War amendments and it includes the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. It was proposed on June 13 , 1866 , and ratified on July 9 , 1868 . [1] |
| 2005 |
65956 characters 11 sections 26 paragraphs 0 images 294 internal links 6 external links |
1. Citizenship and Civil Rights |
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Amendment XIV (the Fourteenth Amendment ) of the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War amendments and includes the due process and equal protection clauses. It was proposed on June 13 , 1866 , and ratified on July 9 , 1868 . |
| 2004 |
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Amendment XIV (the Fourteenth Amendment ) of the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War amendments and includes the due process and equal protection clauses (Section 1). It was adopted on July 28 , 1868 . |
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| 2003 |
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Amendment XIV (the Fourteenth Amendment ) of the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War amendments and includes the due process and equal protection clauses (Section 1). It was adopted on July 28 , 1868 . |
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| 2002 |
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Amendment XIV (the Fourteenth Amendment ) of the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War amendments and includes the equal protection clause (Section 1). |
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| 2001 |
3355 characters 0 sections 10 paragraphs 0 images 0 internal links 0 external links |
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All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. |